Genetically modified microorganisms for bioelectrochemical systems

Biotechnological utilization of microbial processes normally starts with the discovery, investigation, and understanding of naturally occurring microbial reactions. Biomolecular tools can help us, not only to gain better understanding of protein reactions; they also enable us to influence reaction properties. For efficient practical applications, modern biological techniques allow us to tailor these microbial reactions to optimize the desired functionality. We are still in the infancy of our understanding of microbial reactions in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), or more generally in bioelectrochemical systems (BES). One major pathway of electron transfer to a MFC anode is the direct